Published on Pew Center on Global Climate Change (http://www.pewclimate.com)
Site Index

Site Index

  • Pew Climate Home Page [1]
    • Global Warming Basics [2]
      • Climate Change 101 [3]
      • Fact Sheets & Briefs [4]
      • Facts and Figures [5]
      • FAQs [6]
        • Business FAQs [7]
        • Economics FAQs [8]
        • Policy FAQs [9]
        • Science FAQs [10]
        • Solutions FAQs [11]
      • Glossary [12]
      • Introduction to Global Warming [13]
        • FAQs [14]
          • Arctic FAQs [15]
          • Hurricanes GAQs [16]
        • Glossary Full [17]
      • Kids Page [18]
        • tss [19]
      • Online Resources [20]
    • Global Warming in Depth [21]
      • All Events & Workshops [22]
    • Policy Center [23]
    • What's Being Done [24]
    • About Us [25]
      • Board of Directors [26]
      • Career Opportunities [27]
      • Contact Information [28]
      • History and Mission [29]
      • Privacy Policy [30]
    • Publications & Reports [31]
      • Analysis [32]
      • Briefs [33]
      • Fact Sheets [34]
      • Pew Center Reports [35]
        • Adaptation to Climate Change [36]
          • Introduction [37]
        • Adapting to Climate Change: A Business Approach [38]
          • About the Authors: Adapting to Climate Change: A Business Approach [39]
          • Introduction: Adapting to Climate Change: A Business Approach [40]
          • Table of Contents: Adapting to Climate Change: A Business Approach [41]
        • Agenda for Climate Action [42]
          • Business Support [43]
          • Executive Summary [44]
          • Foreword [45]
        • Agricultural and Forestlands [46]
          • Author Bios [47]
          • Conclusions [48]
          • Executive Summary [49]
          • Figure 1 [50]
          • Foreword [51]
          • Table 10 [52]
          • Table of Contents [53]
        • Agriculture [54]
          • About the Authors [55]
          • Executive Summary [56]
          • Foreword [57]
          • Main Report Page [58]
          • Table of Contents [59]
        • Agriculture's Role Mitigation [60]
          • Author Bios [61]
          • Conclusions [62]
          • Executive Summary [63]
          • Foreword [64]
          • Table of Contents [65]
        • Appliances and Climate Change [66]
          • Executive Summary [67]
          • Foreword [68]
          • Table of Contents [69]
        • Aquatic Ecosystems [70]
          • About the Authors [71]
          • Executive Summary [72]
          • Foreword [73]
          • Table of Contents [74]
        • Beyond Kyoto [75]
          • About the Authors [76]
          • Foreword [77]
          • Overview: Climate Crossroads [78]
          • Table of Contents [79]
        • Biofuels for Transportation: A Climate Perspective [80]
        • Buildings [81]
          • About the Authors [82]
          • Conclusions [83]
          • Executive Summary [84]
          • Foreword [85]
          • Table of Contents [86]
        • Capital Cycles [87]
          • About the Authors [88]
          • Executive Summary [89]
          • Foreword [90]
          • Table of Contents [91]
        • Climate Change Mitigation [92]
          • About the Authors [93]
          • Executive Summary [94]
          • Foreword [95]
          • Table of Contents [96]
        • Climate Data [97]
          • About the Authors [98]
          • Table of Contents [99]
        • Climate Data: Sectoral [100]
          • About the Authors [101]
          • Table of Contents [102]
        • Climate Dialogue at Pocantico [103]
          • Dialogue Participants [104]
          • From the Chairs [105]
          • Report Summary [106]
        • Climate Friendly Energy Policy [107]
          • About the Authors [108]
          • Executive Summary [109]
          • Foreword [110]
          • Table of Contents [111]
        • Coastal and Marine Ecosystems [112]
          • About the Authors [113]
          • Executive Summary [114]
          • Foreword [115]
          • Table of Contents [116]
        • Community Adjustment [117]
          • About the Authors [118]
          • Executive Summary [119]
          • Foreword [120]
          • Table of Contents [121]
        • Coral Reefs [122]
          • About the Authors [123]
          • Conclusions [124]
          • Executive Summary [125]
          • Foreword [126]
          • Table of Contents [127]
        • Corporate Greenhouse Targets [128]
          • About the Authors [129]
          • Executive Summary [130]
          • Foreword [131]
          • Table of Contents [132]
        • Corporate Strategies [133]
          • About the Author [134]
          • Executive Summary [135]
          • Foreword [136]
        • Cost of Carbon Sequestration [137]
          • About the Authors [138]
          • Conclusions [139]
          • Executive Summary [140]
          • Foreword [141]
          • Table of Contents [142]
        • Developing Countries [143]
          • Executive Summary [144]
          • Foreword [145]
          • Table of Contents [146]
        • Discounting the Benefits [147]
          • About the Authors [148]
          • Executive Summary [149]
          • Foreword [150]
          • Table of Contents [151]
        • Early Action [152]
          • Executive Summary [153]
          • Foreword [154]
          • Table of Contents [155]
        • Economics of Climate Change [156]
          • Executive Summary [157]
          • Foreword [158]
          • Table of Contents [159]
        • Ecosystems and Climate Change [160]
          • About the Authors [161]
          • Executive Summary [162]
          • Foreword [163]
          • Table of Contents [164]
        • Electric Power OptionArgentina [165]
          • About the Authors [166]
          • Executive Summary [167]
          • Foreword [168]
          • Table of Contents [169]
        • Electric Power Options Brazil [170]
          • About the Authors [171]
          • Executive Summary [172]
          • Foreword [173]
          • Table of Contents [174]
        • Electric Power Options China [175]
          • About the Authors [176]
          • Executive Summary [177]
          • Foreword [178]
          • Table of Contents [179]
        • Electric Power Options India [180]
          • Executive Summary [181]
          • Foreword [182]
          • Table of Contents [183]
        • Electric Power Options Korea [184]
          • Executive Summary [185]
          • Foreword [186]
          • Table of Contents [187]
        • Electricity [188]
          • About the Authors [189]
          • Conclusions [190]
          • Executive Summary [191]
          • Foreword [192]
          • Table of Contents [193]
        • Emissions Trading [194]
          • About the Authors [195]
          • Conclusions [196]
          • Executive Summary [197]
          • Foreword [198]
          • Table of Contents [199]
        • Emissions Verification Issues [200]
          • About the Author [201]
          • Executive Summary [202]
          • Foreword [203]
          • Table of Contents [204]
        • Energy Scenarios [205]
          • About the Authors [206]
          • Conclusions [207]
          • Executive Summary [208]
          • Foreword [209]
          • Table of Contents [210]
        • Equity and Climate Change [211]
          • Executive Summary [212]
          • Foreword [213]
          • Table of Contents [214]
        • European Union [215]
          • Executive Summary [216]
          • Foreword [217]
          • Table of Contents [218]
        • Forests and Climate Change [219]
          • About the Authors [220]
          • Conclusions [221]
          • Executive Summary [222]
          • Foreword [223]
          • Table of Contents [224]
        • Fuel Economy and GHG Standards [225]
        • Greenhouse and Statehouse [226]
          • About the Author [227]
          • Executive Summary [228]
          • Foreword [229]
          • Table of Contents [230]
        • Human Health [231]
          • About the Authors [232]
          • Executive Summary [233]
          • Foreword [234]
          • Table of Contents [235]
        • Induced Technological Change [236]
          • About the Author [237]
          • Conclusions [238]
          • Executive Summary [239]
          • Foreword [240]
          • Table of Contents [241]
        • International Climate Efforts [242]
          • About the Authors [243]
          • Table of Contents [244]
        • International Climate Efforts Beyond 2012 [245]
        • International Emissions [246]
          • Executive Summary [247]
          • Foreword [248]
          • Table of Contents [249]
        • International Greenhouse Gas [250]
          • About the Author [251]
          • Executive Summary [252]
          • Foreword [253]
          • Table of Contents [254]
        • Inventory Issues [255]
          • About The Authors [256]
          • Executive Summary [257]
          • Foreword [258]
          • Table of Contents [259]
        • Kyoto Mechanisms [260]
          • Executive Summary [261]
          • Table of Contents [262]
        • Land Use and Climate Change [263]
          • Executive Summary [264]
          • Foreword [265]
          • Table of Contents [266]
        • Mandatory GHG Reduction Prgm [267]
          • About the Authors [268]
          • Conclusions [269]
          • Executive Summary [270]
          • Foreword [271]
          • Table of Contents [272]
        • Market Mechanisms [273]
          • Executive Summary [274]
          • Foreword [275]
          • Table of Contents [276]
        • Multi Gas Contributors [277]
          • About the Authors [278]
          • Conclusions [279]
          • Executive Summary [280]
          • Foreword [281]
          • Table of Contents [282]
        • New Directions [283]
          • Foreword [284]
          • Introduction [285]
          • Table of Contents [286]
        • Observed Impacts [287]
          • About the Authors [288]
          • Conclusions [289]
          • Executive Summary [290]
          • Foreword [291]
          • Table of Contents [292]
        • Promoting Compliance [293]
          • Executive Summary [294]
          • Foreword [295]
          • Table of Contents [296]
        • Race to the Top [297]
          • About the Author [298]
          • Colorado [299]
          • Conclusion [300]
          • Executive Summary [301]
          • Foreword [302]
          • Massachusetts [303]
          • Nevada [304]
          • Pennsylvania [305]
          • Table of Contents [306]
          • Texas [307]
        • Reduce GHG from Transportation [308]
          • About the Authors [309]
          • Conclusions [310]
          • Executive Summary [311]
          • Foreword [312]
          • Table of Contents [313]
        • Regional Impacts of Climate Change [314]
          • About the Authors [315]
          • Adaptation 101: A Brief [316]
          • Foreword [317]
          • Introduction [318]
          • Related Paper - Adaptation Planning: What U.S. States and Localities are Doing [319]
          • Table of Contents [320]
        • Role of Substitution [321]
          • Executive Summary [322]
          • Foreword [323]
          • Table of Contents [324]
        • Science of Climate Change [325]
        • Sea Level Rise [326]
          • About the Authors [327]
          • Executive Summary [328]
          • Foreword [329]
          • Table of Contents [330]
        • Synthesis of Potential Impacts [331]
          • About the Authors [332]
          • Conclusion [333]
          • Executive Summary [334]
          • Foreword [335]
          • Table of Contents [336]
        • Technology and Economics [337]
          • Foreword [338]
          • Table of Contents [339]
        • Technology Policy [340]
          • About the Authors [341]
          • Conclusions [342]
          • Executive Summary [343]
          • Foreword [344]
          • Preview [345]
          • Table of Contents [346]
        • The European Union's Emissions Trading System in Perspective [347]
          • About the Authors [348]
          • Executive Summary [349]
          • Facts & Figures [350]
          • Foreword [351]
          • Introduction [352]
          • Table of Contents [353]
        • The Role of Adaptation [354]
          • About the Authors [355]
          • Author Bios [356]
          • Conclusions [357]
          • Executive Summary [358]
          • Foreword [359]
          • Introduction [360]
          • Table of Contents [361]
        • Towards an Integrated Multi-Track Climate Framework [362]
          • About the Authors [363]
          • Introduction [364]
          • Table of Contents [365]
        • Transportation in Chile [366]
          • About the Authors [367]
          • Executive Summary [368]
          • Foreword [369]
          • Table of Contents [370]
        • Transportation in China [371]
          • Executive Summary [372]
          • Foreword [373]
          • Table of Contents [374]
        • Transportation in India [375]
          • Executive Summary [376]
          • Foreword [377]
          • Main Report Page [378]
          • Table of Contents [379]
        • Transportation in South Africa [380]
          • About the Authors [381]
          • Executive Summary [382]
          • Foreword [383]
          • Table of Contents [384]
        • Transportation Overview [385]
          • About the Authors [386]
          • Executive Summary [387]
          • Foreword [388]
          • Table of Contents [389]
        • U.S. Market Consequences [390]
          • About the Authors [391]
          • Conclusion [392]
          • Executive Summary [393]
          • Foreword [394]
          • Table of Contents [395]
        • Water and Climate Change [396]
          • About the Authors [397]
          • Executive Summary [398]
          • Foreword [399]
          • Table of Contents [400]
        • Worker Transition [401]
          • About the Author [402]
          • Executive Summary [403]
          • Foreword [404]
          • Table of Contents [405]
      • Working Papers [406]
    • International [407]
      • About International [408]
        • Pocantico [409]
      • Articles & Testimony [410]
        • Articles & Testimony Archive [411]
        • Articles Archive [412]
        • ED Testimony 1-24-08 [413]
        • Response to House E&C Com White Paper [414]
        • Testimony Archive [415]
      • Events & Workshops [416]
        • Pocantico Report Release [417]
      • International Negotiations [418]
        • Background Note on Sectoral Approaches for a Post-2012 International Climate Framework [419]
        • Clean Development Mechanism Background Note [420]
        • COP 13 Bali [421]
        • COP 13 Bali Side Event [422]
        • International Emissions [423]
      • Policies in Key Countries [424]
        • China and Climate Change page [425]
        • EU proposal Summary Jan2008 [426]
        • India's National Action Plan Summary [427]
        • Modeling scenarios interim results June 2008 [428]
      • Publications & Reports [429]
    • U.S. Federal [430]
      • About U.S. Federal [431]
        • Cap & Trade Hot Topic [432]
        • Congressional Overview [433]
        • L-W Bill page [434]
      • Congress [435]
        • 106th Congress Proposals [436]
        • 107th Congress Proposals [437]
        • 108th Congress Proposals [438]
        • 109th Congress Proposals [439]
        • 110th Congress Proposals [440]
        • Congressional Hearings [441]
        • Congressional Testimony [442]
        • Policy Summaries & Analysis [443]
          • Analysis of the Lieberman-Warner Climate Security Act of 2008 [444]
          • Daily Updates: Lieberman-Warner Climate Security Act [445]
      • Events & Workshops [446]
      • Executive Branch [447]
      • Judicial [448]
      • Publications & Reports [449]
        • DDCF Costs Brief [450]
        • DDCF Tax Brief [451]
        • DDCF-Briefs [452]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Allocation [453]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Coal [454]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Competitiveness [455]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Offsets [456]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Scope [457]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Technology [458]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Timetables [459]
        • DDCF-Briefs/Transportation [460]
      • USCAP [461]
    • U.S. States & Regions [462]
      • About U.S. States & Regions [463]
      • Events & Workshops [464]
      • Key State Legislation [465]
        • Alabama [466]
        • Alaska [467]
        • Arizona [468]
        • Arkansas [469]
        • California [470]
        • Colorado [471]
        • Connecticut [472]
        • Delaware [473]
        • District of Columbia [474]
        • Florida [475]
        • Georgia [476]
        • Hawaii [477]
        • Idaho [478]
        • Illinois [479]
        • Indiana [480]
        • Iowa [481]
        • Kansas [482]
        • Kentucky [483]
        • Louisiana [484]
        • Maine [485]
        • Maryland [486]
        • Massachusetts [487]
        • Michigan [488]
        • Minnesota [489]
        • Mississippi [490]
        • Missouri [491]
        • Montana [492]
        • Nebraska [493]
        • Nevada [494]
        • New Hampshire [495]
        • New Jersey [496]
        • New Mexico [497]
        • New York [498]
        • North Carolina [499]
        • North Dakota [500]
        • Ohio [501]
        • Oklahoma [502]
        • Oregon [503]
        • Pennsylvania [504]
        • Rhode Island [505]
        • South Carolina [506]
        • South Dakota [507]
        • Tennessee [508]
        • Texas [509]
        • Utah [510]
        • Vermont [511]
        • Virginia [512]
        • Washington [513]
        • West Virginia [514]
        • Wisconsin [515]
        • Wyoming [516]
      • News & Archives [517]
      • Publications & Reports [518]
      • Regional Initiatives [519]
      • U.S. Maps [520]
        • State Action Maps manual list [521]
    • Business [522]
      • About Business [523]
      • Articles & Testimony [524]
      • BELC [525]
        • Business Resources [526]
        • Carbon Sequestration and Offsets Solutions [527]
        • Company Profiles [528]
          • ABB [529]
            • ABB Advertisement [530]
            • ABB Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [531]
            • ABB Energy Solutions [532]
            • ABB Trading and Offsets [533]
          • Air Products [534]
            • Air Products Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [535]
            • Air Products Energy Solutions [536]
            • Air Products Process Improvements [537]
            • Air Products Trading and Offsets [538]
            • Air Products Transportation [539]
            • Air Products Waste Management [540]
          • Alcoa Inc. [541]
            • Alcoa Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [542]
            • Alcoa Energy Solutions [543]
            • Alcoa Process Improvements [544]
            • Alcoa Waste Management [545]
          • American Electric Power [546]
            • AEP Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [547]
            • AEP Emissions Trading and Offsets [548]
            • AEP Energy Solutions [549]
            • AEP Process Improvements [550]
            • AEP Waste Management [551]
          • Bank of America [552]
          • BASF [553]
          • Baxter International Inc. [554]
            • Baxter Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [555]
            • Baxter Emissions Trading and Offsets [556]
            • Baxter Energy Solutions [557]
            • Baxter Process Improvements [558]
            • Baxter Transportation [559]
            • Baxter Waste Management [560]
          • BP [561]
            • BP Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [562]
            • BP CEO Lord Browne's Speech (November 2003) [563]
            • BP Emissions Trading and Offsets [564]
            • BP Transportation [565]
          • California Portland Cement Co. [566]
            • California Portland Cement Waste Management [567]
          • CH2M HILL [568]
            • CH2M HILL Energy Solutions [569]
            • CH2M HILL Transportation [570]
            • CH2M HILL Waste Management [571]
          • Citi [572]
          • Cummins Inc. [573]
            • Cummins Energy Solutions [574]
            • Cummins Transportation [575]
            • Cummins Waste Management [576]
          • Deere & Company [577]
          • Deutsche Telekom [578]
            • Deutsche Telekom Energy Solutions [579]
            • Deutsche Telekom Transportation [580]
            • Deutsche Telekom Waste Management [581]
          • DTE Energy [582]
            • DTE Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [583]
            • DTE Emissions Trading and Offsets [584]
            • DTE Energy Solutions [585]
            • DTE Waste Management [586]
          • Duke Energy [587]
            • Cinergy Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [588]
            • Cinergy Emissions Trading and Offsets [589]
            • Cinergy Energy Solutions [590]
            • Cinergy Transportation [591]
            • Cinergy Waste Management [592]
          • DuPont [593]
            • Dupont Advertisement [594]
            • DuPont Emissions Trading and Offsets [595]
            • DuPont Energy Solutions [596]
            • Dupont Transportation [597]
            • DuPont Waste Management [598]
          • Entergy [599]
            • Entergy Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [600]
            • Entergy Emissions Trading and Offsets [601]
            • Entergy Energy Solutions [602]
            • Entergy Process Improvements [603]
            • Entergy Waste Management [604]
          • Exelon [605]
            • Exelon Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [606]
            • Exelon Energy Solutions [607]
            • Exelon Process Improvements [608]
            • Exelon Transportation [609]
            • Exelon Waste Management [610]
          • GE [611]
          • Hewlett-Packard Company [612]
            • HP Emissions Trading and Offsets [613]
            • HP Energy Solutions [614]
            • HP Process Improvements [615]
            • HP Transportation [616]
            • HP Waste Management [617]
          • Holcim (US) Inc. [618]
            • Holcim Waste Management [619]
          • IBM [620]
            • IBM Advertisement [621]
            • IBM Energy Solutions [622]
            • IBM Transportation [623]
            • IBM Waste Management [624]
          • Intel [625]
            • Intel Energy Solutions [626]
            • Intel Process Improvements [627]
            • Intel Transportation [628]
            • Intel Waste Management [629]
          • Interface Inc. [630]
            • Interface Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [631]
            • Interface Carbon Trading and Offsets [632]
            • Interface Energy Solutions [633]
            • Interface Transportation [634]
            • Interface Waste Management [635]
          • Lockheed Martin [636]
          • Marsh Inc. [637]
          • Novartis [638]
          • Ontario Power Generation [639]
            • Ontario Power Generation Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [640]
            • Ontario Power Generation Energy Solutions [641]
            • Ontario Power Generation Trading and Offsets [642]
            • Ontario Power Generation Transportation [643]
            • Ontario Power Generation Waste Management [644]
          • PG&E Corporation [645]
            • PG&E Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [646]
            • PG&E Energy Solutions [647]
            • PG&E Process Improvements [648]
            • PG&E Transportation [649]
          • PNM Resources [650]
          • Rio Tinto [651]
            • Climate Change and Energy [652]
            • Global Initiatives [653]
            • Rio Tinto Climate Change Position [654]
          • Rohm and Haas [655]
            • Rohm and Haas Energy Solutions [656]
            • Rohm and Haas Summary [657]
          • Royal Dutch/Shell [658]
            • Royal Dutch Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [659]
            • Royal Dutch Emissions Trading and Offsets [660]
            • Royal Dutch Energy Solutions [661]
            • Royal Dutch Process Improvements [662]
            • Royal Dutch Transportation [663]
          • SC Johnson [664]
            • SC Johnson Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [665]
            • SC Johnson Energy Solutions [666]
            • SC Johnson Transportation [667]
            • SC Johnson Waste Management [668]
          • The Boeing Company [669]
            • Boeing Transportation [670]
          • Toyota [671]
            • Toyota Advertisements [672]
            • Toyota Energy Solutions [673]
            • Toyota Process Improvements [674]
            • Toyota Transportation [675]
            • Toyota Waste Management [676]
          • TransAlta [677]
          • United Technologies [678]
            • United Technologies Advertisements [679]
            • United Technologies Energy Solutions [680]
            • United Technologies Transportation [681]
            • United Technologies Waste Management [682]
          • Weyerhaeuser [683]
            • Weyerhaeuser Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [684]
            • Weyerhaeuser Energy Solutions [685]
            • Weyerhaeuser Waste Management [686]
          • Whirlpool Corporation [687]
            • Whirlpool Emissions Trading and Offsets [688]
            • Whirlpool Energy Solutions [689]
          • Wisconsin Energy [690]
            • Wisconsin Energy Advertisements [691]
            • Wisconsin Energy Carbon Sequestration and Offsets [692]
            • Wisconsin Energy Emissions Trading and Offsets [693]
            • Wisconsin Energy Energy Solutions [694]
            • Wisconsin Energy Transportation [695]
            • Wisconsin Energy Waste Management [696]
        • Corporate GHG Strategies [697]
        • Emissions Trading and Offsets [698]
        • Energy Demand Solutions [699]
        • Energy Supply Solutions [700]
        • GHG Reduction Targets [701]
        • Process Improvements [702]
        • Transportation [703]
        • Waste Management Practices [704]
      • BELC Members [705]
      • Events Calendar [706]
      • News [707]
      • Notable External Reports [708]
      • Publications & Reports [709]
    • Events [710]
    • Science & Impacts [711]
      • About Science & Impacts [712]
      • Briefings & Workshops [713]
      • Fact Sheets [714]
        • Hot Topic Arctic [715]
      • Facts & Figures [716]
        • Basic Science [717]
          • Executive Summary [718]
          • Foreword [719]